Benign laryngeal disorders result in dysphonia because of effects on glottic closure and thevibratory characteristics of the true vocal fold. Treatment is initially directed at reversingmedical conditions and patterns of abuse with surgery reserved for unresolving lesions resultingin troublesome dysphonia. Benign lesions that require surgery are excised as precisely aspossible sparing overlying mucosa and the underlying vocal ligament. Vocal fold scarring iscurrently best treated by augmentation procedures, and atrophy may be compensated for bymedialization thyroplasty or by adding bulk to the affected folds. Application of currentknowledge of laryngeal histology and physiology is prerequisite to endoscopic surgicalintervention.
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